No games matching 'stroking' but maybe you were thinking of 'Star Gems 2'

Candy Star

Added 121 months ago by am
Views: 1833 Category: Casual

Candy Star 2

Added 121 months ago by am
Views: 14169 Category: Family

Fruit Star

Added 121 months ago by am
Views: 6119 Category: Puzzle

Star Chef

Added 122 months ago by am
Views: 338123 Category: Educational

Star Connect

Added 121 months ago by am
Views: 374 Category: Family

Candy Star

Added 121 months ago by am
Views: 601 Category: Puzzle